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And yet, another Solar Kiln thread ...

Started by 50 Acre Jim, December 08, 2017, 03:48:59 PM

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50 Acre Jim

Been planning my solar kiln build for some time now.  I've read all the threads and watched other members build theirs, so now I should be an expert, right?   But of course, I'm not.  About the only things I'm sure of is I want my kiln to be completely solar powered, handle larger/longer boards, and to convert from an air-drying structure into a solar kiln when the lumber has air-dried to the proper MC.   Here's what I've got so far, complete with (not to scale) images.

As mentioned, the kiln will be completely solar with the fans running on 24-volt DC directly from the solar panels.  I plan on having 2 fans but will adjust that number accordingly as the project matures and I start to get an understanding of what is actually happening in the kiln vs what I think will happen.  The fans I am looking at are called "Solar Direct DC Super Fans", are 16" in diameter and capable of moving between 1,000 cuft/min on the low setting to 1,900 cuft/min on the high setting.   I plan to let the sun turn the fans on/off simply by when it raises or sets.  If I need to run an exhaust fan after sunset I will run a smaller fan off of a battery bank.  I hope that won't be necessary as I want to keep this system simple and minimize my daily intervention as much as possible. 

Image 1 is a side view of the kiln.  It will be 16' wide, 8' deep and 8' tall.  The solar heater sits above the main structure and is 4' tall on the back side and tapers down until it connects with the front of the kiln.    The solar windows on top will be made of Sunlite 24 in. x 96 in. Polycarbonate Clear Twinwall Roof Panel.  (Unless someone has a better suggestion.) 




There will be 4 doors on the kiln, 2 on the front and 2 on the back.  Image 2 and 3 show the kiln without and with doors.    With all 4 doors open, the building becomes a 16'X8' shelter for lumber to air-dry in.  The location I have chosen has a Southern exposure and sits on the side of a hill with an almost constant breeze that will speed the air-drying process.   When the doors are closed and the solar fans are turned on, the building becomes a solar kiln capable of drying lumber up to 16' long. 





The next images shows the kiln with the movable wall slid into the center of the kiln.  This center wall "parks" against the far-left wall but can be moved accordingly to make 2 separate drying stalls of equal or different sizes.   



Using the movable wall allows both chambers to simultaneously dry different types of lumber or two batches that are started at different times, say a couple of weeks apart from each other.   It also allows for lumber to be air-dried on one side will kiln drying lumber on the other. 





I spent the last couple of days cutting a pad, driveway and turnaround for the kiln.  Wanted to finish it off and start construction today but 6+ inches of snows says otherwise.   

So there it is guys.  Look it over and give my you ideas, criticisms, suggestions, etc.    Thanks in advance,

Note: Since I made these drawings I have decided to put the solar panel(s) on a separate, free standing support and not take up space on the kiln itself.   No sense in wasting all that solar exposure, right? 

Jim






Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

CharlieP

Hey neighbor, we are over in Stecoah, off 28, I built a solar kiln this fall based on VA Tech plans, you are welcome to come over and check it out , I would be glad to go over some things I have run into.
  Charlie

WLC

IF you are gonna dry 16' lumber your kiln will need to be longer.  I'll be watching as you build this.  Very interested in how it turns out!
Woodmizer LT28
Branson 4wd tractor
Stihl chainsaws
Elbow grease.

50 Acre Jim

Maybe I can find a market for 15'11" lumber?  :D   Or better, I'll probably end up with a 2X4 on each side to increase the width a bit.     

I think the greater problem here is that the solar collector is not at 45*.  Is that serious enough that I need to raise the back wall of the collector from 4' to 8' or will I catch sufficient sun at the current angle?
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

The angle is a big issue, with a big effect from September through March.  You will recover as much as 15% less energy.  The best angle is your latitude, so 45 degrees is too steep for your location.

Are the walls 6" thick? Doors too?  Floor insulated also?

I am not sure why there is so much space from the top of the pile to the horizontal baffle.

Will the fans blow downward?  Will the vents have adjustable covers?
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: GeneWengert-WoodDoc on December 09, 2017, 10:10:01 AM
The angle is a big issue, with a big effect from September through March.  You will recover as much as 15% less energy.  The best angle is your latitude, so 45 degrees is too steep for your location.

Are the walls 6" thick? Doors too?  Floor insulated also?

I am not sure why there is so much space from the top of the pile to the horizontal baffle.

Will the fans blow downward?  Will the vents have adjustable covers?

Latitude/Slope of panels: Latitude for Franklin NC (I'm 15 miles West of Franklin) is 35.1823° N and the slope on the collector is currently at 23*.   I can change the degree of slope by making the back of the collector a little higher.  It's 4' now, raising it to 5', or possibly 6', should help considerably.

Wall thickness: Walls will be true 2X6 construction as I am cutting the lumber myself.   

Floors: Floors will sit on 4X6 beams that rest on pier blocks.  I will insulate the area between the beams and cover that with a couple layers of 30lb felt.  Then cover that with 1/2" plywood. 

Baffle: The drawing is to not to scale.  It's only purpose is to provide a mental projection of what the design looks like.  Anything and everything is subject to (and most likely will) change.  With that in mind, the positioning of the baffels in the diagram is there only for you to see that there is a baffle and the approximate location. 

Fans: Currently I plan on 2 fans, one on each side of the kiln.  And yes, they point down as they pull the hot air from the top of the kiln and direct it down into the drying chamber.  These are very powerfull fans, I don't expect there will be an issue with too little air movement.  If anything, there may be too much, if that is possible. 

Vents: Yes, all the vents will have adjustbable covers. 

Thank you for your input/questions Gene.  Any suggestions are appreciated. 
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

scsmith42

Jim, if you're headed to Raleigh any time soon you're welcome to stop by and look at my 4 solar kilns.  One is the traditional design and three are modified to better fit my standard kiln stacks.
Peterson 10" WPF with 65' of track
Smith - Gallagher dedicated slabber
Tom's 3638D Baker band mill
and a mix of log handling heavy equipment.

Savannahdan

I notice that your vents are in the sides of the front chamber.  Wouldn't it be better to have them in the back so that the air flow through the stacks is constant and you're pulling fresh air in.  I do like your 2 chamber system.
Husqvarna 3120XP, Makita DCS7901 Chainsaw, 30" & 56" Granberg Chain Saw Mill, Logosol M8 Farmers Mill

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: Savannahdan on December 09, 2017, 01:37:18 PM
I notice that your vents are in the sides of the front chamber.  Wouldn't it be better to have them in the back so that the air flow through the stacks is constant and you're pulling fresh air in.
I'm pulling a regulated supply of fresh air in from the front so that it is introduced into the lowest part of the heating chamber, where it is warmed as it rises.   I'm hoping this will ensure that the hottest air possible is being pulled out by the fan and forced down through the stack.       



If the vent were in the back the forced hot air would be exiting prior to going through the stack.  By putting the vent in the bottom front, I am allowing wet (heaver) air to vent that has already been forced through the stack. 

Quote from: Savannahdan on December 09, 2017, 01:37:18 PM
I do like your 2 chamber system.
Thank you!
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

I do,believe the vents are ok, but if you could move the two front ones closer to the center, this would help air movement side to side.
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: GeneWengert-WoodDoc on December 09, 2017, 05:14:46 PM
I do,believe the vents are ok, but if you could move the two front ones closer to the center, this would help air movement side to side.
I'll make those changes in the final build.  Thank you!

Edit:  Sorry Gene, I just saw what you meant about the baffle being so far back in the picture on the stack.  Fixed it!  Also moved vents from side to front and extended the back of the solar collector to 5', which should bring the pitch of the collector to 32*.  Optimum is 35*.  Jim

Edit #2 - 12/12/2017: Although it is not noted in the image below, I have changed the back wall to be 5'6" high, which will make the pitch of the solar collectors exactly 35*.  Life is good...




Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

Savannahdan

Husqvarna 3120XP, Makita DCS7901 Chainsaw, 30" & 56" Granberg Chain Saw Mill, Logosol M8 Farmers Mill

50 Acre Jim

I'm about 99% finished cutting out the pad that the kiln will sit on.  I made it 50' X 95' which will give me plenty of room to add another kiln if this design works out well.  I wanted to be sure I have enough room to load/unload lumber as well as being able to turn a truck or tractor around without running into anything.  It was 15* this morning with a steady wind that made it hard to see through the tears!  I have a little bit of grading to do to insure the water drains in the right direction and then I'll be ready to start laying out the blocks for the kiln to sit on.



Got a partial cut list made.  I will have to buy the plywood, but I have enough stock to cut everything else.  Also got my solar fans ordered.  Depending on the amount of sunlight hitting the panel at any given time each fan will move between 1,000 - 2,000 cuft/min.  If that isn't adequate I'll add a third fan but I think with the amount of sun that hits this area I will see them turning at the 2,000 cuft/min speed more than not.   Pricey little rascals at $239.00 apiece, but anything "solar" seems to cost twice as much. 

 

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

Cheap fans are not as efficient and use brass bushings or worse.  Your fans will last forever and the cost of running them will be good.

Sometimes, using this area to air dry is good, plus if you had a pole shed with only a roof, no walls, you can work in any weather...put that on your Christmas wish list.
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

Crusarius

I am so in for this build. Me likey so far.

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: GeneWengert-WoodDoc on December 14, 2017, 04:10:10 PM
Cheap fans are not as efficient and use brass bushings or worse.  Your fans will last forever and the cost of running them will be good.
Good to know!  I feel a little better about the purchase now. 

The good news: Got all 19 of my 2x6x12 rafters cut today.  :) They sure are purdy!
The bad news: Got 80 more 2x6x8 to go! 
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

SlowJoeCrow

I like your design - it has a lot of flexibility.

50 Acre Jim

In spite of snow, ice, and rain I managed to cut 30 - 2x6x8 today.  Only 50 more to go and I will have enough framing lumber for the walls.  Then I'll move on to the 4x6's for the floor and the single 4x12x18 that will span the front, hold the walls together and support the 2x6x12 rafters that the polycarbonate panels will rest on.  And then, I will visit Lowes to buy some 3/4" plywood for the floors and walls.   My plan is to use plywood on the walls and then cover the outside with lap siding that I make from White Oak. 

Lot's more to do but so far I'm having a good time!   
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

WLC

Off topic of your kiln, which I am definitely excited to follow, but had a question.  Ever still find any chestnut logs in the creeks around your parts?  Been 25 years ago, but helped pull a couple of logs out of a creek down towards Franklin.  Made some nice wormy lumber.  Still have a picture frame out of it.
Woodmizer LT28
Branson 4wd tractor
Stihl chainsaws
Elbow grease.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

The original Virginia Tech design used CD-X plywood.  You might have to replace a sheet or two in a year or two, but the cost is good.
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

jaciausa

Hi Jim,
I believe you have the start of a good plan except the slope of the 6/12 pitch roof (rise/ run ) that would make it only 26 + degrees.

jaciausa

For your area cutting a 7/pitch roof would give you 35 + degrees. Hope this is helpful.

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: WLC on December 18, 2017, 07:43:38 PM
Off topic of your kiln, which I am definitely excited to follow, but had a question.  Ever still find any chestnut logs in the creeks around your parts?  Been 25 years ago, but helped pull a couple of logs out of a creek down towards Franklin.  Made some nice wormy lumber.  Still have a picture frame out of it.
This is the first I've heard of finding/pulling Chestnut out of the creeks.  That would be wonderful to find such a treasure!


Quote from: GeneWengert-WoodDoc on December 19, 2017, 10:28:10 PM
The original Virginia Tech design used CD-X plywood.  You might have to replace a sheet or two in a year or two, but the cost is good.
I think CD-X plywood will be fine, especially if it gets a coat of waterproofing somewhere along the line.  :-) 


Quote from: jaciausa on December 20, 2017, 08:25:24 AM
For your area cutting a 7/pitch roof would give you 35 + degrees. Hope this is helpful.
Although not reflected in any of the previous drawings I have raised the back wall to a height of 5' 6" which I believe will give me a 35* angle.  Let me know if there is a difference in what your saying and my height calculations.   I used the following calculator to get my measurements.     https://myrooff.com/roof-pitch-calculator/
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

jaciausa

Your fine with how you are doing it. i was just stating what the framing square or the speed square shows. That would give a true 7/12 cut for the tails or a birds mouth.  The exact degree is 30.26.

jaciausa

Are the top of your walls level? or cut on angle so you do not need a birdsmouth cut top or bottom? Possibly you are blocking them without using a cut.

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: jaciausa on December 20, 2017, 01:37:34 PM
Are the top of your walls level? or cut on angle so you do not need a birdsmouth cut top or bottom? Possibly you are blocking them without using a cut.
At this time I intend to use a birdsmouth cut on each end.  But in retrospect, I can't think of a project I've done that started and ended as planned.  Why should this be any different?  ;D
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

jaciausa

Sixty six inches or 5 ft 6 inch total rise would be an 8.25 inch rise per foot and exactly 35 degree slope as you have planned.

btulloh

I think the collector angle deserves a bit more study before you commit to the 35 degree slope.  I went through this with solar panels as well as with my kiln build.  There are a number of solar angle calculators on the web you can play with and the exercise could be useful.

One rule I'd seen for the kiln collector was to use your latitude plus 10 degrees.  There are some other things worth considering.  The ideal angle changes of course with the seasons, so any fixed angle is a compromise.  In the summer, with a high sun angle and high ambient temperatures the kiln gets enough plenty of energy to operate well.  Around the spring and fall equinox, the angle is lower but there seems to be enough energy falling on the collector to produce good results in the kiln.  This angle corresponds roughly to the latitude plus ten degree rule, so that is about optimum for the collector angles we tend to build into these kilns.  As the winter solstice approaches, the sun angle drops and the energy decreases, plus the days are shorter. 

It may be worthwhile to go with a steeper collector angle to help with the winter months where it is harder to get enough energy to run the kiln.  The long days and higher temps in the summer can run the kiln even when the collector is steeper and optimized for a lower sun angle.  From what I've observed with my kiln, I think I would compromise further toward the lower angle (steeper collector) than the 45 degrees I chose.  Of course that complicates the build a bit.

Or you could build a collector that can be adjusted for the season.  Fun.

Another thought on the collector angle thing:  Even though we talk about the pitch of the panels as the collector angle, the real story is not the roof pitch but the black thermal absorptive surfaces inside the the kiln.  The angle of the panels is not the determining factor in energy collection.  The amount of surface area inside the kiln that is struck by the sunlight determines the thermal gain.  The panels just allow the sunlight to get to the black surfaces.  That means that we need to take into account both the panel area admitting the sunlight and the area inside the kiln that is collecting the energy.

I'm starting to ramble a bit, but that's my two cents worth.
HM126

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

The best overall single unadjustable angle is your latitude. You can add 10 degrees for slightly better performance in late fall and winter, but poorer in the summer, and that means the rear wall is higher and that may be undesirable. As we go further north, then we suggest 45 degrees as it is easy to make that angle.  So, 35 is good for you. A collector that you can tilt from time to time is neat, but it is a lot of work and you might shorten drying time by a day.

As mentioned, the area of the roof measured perpendicular to the sun at noon (or the shadow at noon) controls the amount of energy entering the kiln. Once in the kiln, the light energy must be absorbed and converted to heat energy. We use black surfaces in the kiln- -walls, baffles. Their area is not important.  A few people put the black absorber near the clear roof, but it seems easier to use the walls and baffles rather than make a separate absorber.  Either method will absorb about 100% of the incoming energy, which is the clear area perpendicular to the sun at noon. This is about 1000 BTU per square foot per day, which will evaporate about one pound of water per square foot per day on the average.

Hope this is clear.
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

jaciausa

The latitude here in SE Iowa is around 40 degrees. Being colder the 45 degree will be better choice for me. The best reason for me to use 45 degree is cutting all the rafters using a speed square at 6/12.

The orientation along the other axis to solar noon is just as important if you can still change it. This site can help you with that calculation-https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/-
I thought my kiln was off a little, but turns out calculating it with solar noon here in Iowa it was correct.
Hope this helped some.
Also Iyou said you were using 8 foot panels for collector and if you are you will need to downsize the width for the total run of rafter.

jaciausa

i meant 12/12, just not thinking to clear.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

A solar kiln in SE Iowa is really tough...it has to withstand hail storms, strong thunderstorm winds and nearby tornadoes, heavy snow fall, and maybe a few baseballs if you are close to the Field of Dreams.  The steeper roof will help drain or remove rain and snow.

In general, as you move further north, the summer sun rises in the NE, so with a 45 degree steep roof, it is several hours after sunrise before direct sunlight gets onto a kiln and the interior humidity drops.  Likewise, the south-facing collector at 45 degrees will see the last of direct sunlight several hours before sunset in the NW.  what this means is that until the kiln is about 20 degrees hotter than the morning low temperature, it will not have a very low humidity...it will not dry wood very fast.  So, this is why we suggest turning on the fans several hours after sunrise and off well before sunset.
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

50 Acre Jim

My solar fans arrived a few days ago but the weather wouldn't permit me testing them.  But I got a chance today and they seem to run just fine.  I plan to use 4-24 volt panels (like the one in the test today) strung together in a parallel configuration.   This may seem like a little overkill but I want the fans to be well supplied even in the earlier hours of the day. 

Also posted a couple of pictures of the location where the solar kiln will sit.   It really is a great location and even in the Winter it's getting sun from 9:00 until about 4:00.  If the weather holds I hope to get the pier blocks down and the 4X6's laid out this weekend.

https://youtu.be/IhBqDcl83CY





Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

You must be on a first name basis with the Kubota dealer.  :D
HM126

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: btulloh on December 26, 2017, 05:30:01 PM
You must be on a first name basis with the Kubota dealer. 
lol And that's just what you see.  I have a barn full of mowers, bush hogs and accessories as well.  But a few years ago Dave retired and the guy that took his place acts like he doesn't even know who I am.  I got tired of being treated like second-hand trash and quit supporting them.  Unfortunately, that seems to be the norm more than the exception these days. 

But hey, what did you think about that fan?  Little rascal really moves the air for a fan that plugs into a solar panel!
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

Fans look great.  Four 24 volt panels and 4 fans.  Spare no expense!  That's a great way to do it if you're willing to lay out the dough.

Are you using batteries or just running the fans right off the panels?  Voltage regulation?  Low-voltage conditions?   

It's going to be fun watching all this.  You are jumping right in to the deep end of the pool.  Right on!

Too bad about the dealership.  It does seem to be the way things go these days.  Aggravating.  Customer service seems to be a lost art.  It's almost like to you have to work real hard to spend your money these days.  And nobody ever says "thanks for your business" anymore.
HM126

50 Acre Jim

No batteries, fans run straight off the panels.  I am using fan thermostats that will turn the fans on when the solar is adequate.  And of course, they will shut down accordingly when the sun starts to depart.   

I'm big on the alternative energy thing which is similar to buying organic vegetables.  Everything looks the same, you just get to spend 5 times more to get the same result.  But hey, if North Korea ever lobs an EMP on us I'll still be able to produce quality dried lumber for people to make bowls out of....
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

slaghunter

Quote from: 50 Acre Jim on December 26, 2017, 07:28:50 PM
.  But hey, if North Korea ever lobs an EMP on us I'll still be able to produce quality dried lumber for people to make bowls out of....


:D :D :D

50 Acre Jim

Nasty weather finally went away, and I got some much needed "transition from winter maintenance" out of the way.   And now, back to the solar kiln!

First, what a difference in where the sun is now vs where it was when I cut the pad for this project.  And the trees are not helping me much either.  The good news is, I can cut the offending trees and get the sun back where I need it.   But the position of the sun in the Winter vs were it is now, is simply astounding.

In fairness, it's late in the afternoon when I took these pictures, so I've already gotten about 6+ hours of direct sun so I think I'll be OK.  And once the trees are gone the shade you see in the pictures will be gone and I will gain another 3 - 3 1/2 hours of sun.

Got the foundation in and the framework for the floor.  Changed from using 4x6 for the floors and went with 2x6 instead.  No strategic reason, just because I had the 2x6 cut already.   Made a trip to Lowe's for insulation, 30 lb. felt and plywood.  Almost $300.00. :o   Hope to have that all in by tomorrow afternoon.

 
Yippie!

 

 

 

 

n
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

GeneWengert-WoodDoc

You might consider using metal hardware cloth on the very bottom of the joists to prevent critters from getting in the insulation.  In fact, solid, treated plywood is probably best.  If it is too late, then make a mesh metal skirt around the entire kiln.  We do want good air flow underneath the kiln, so make the skirt with mesh.  Also, consider putting a plastic sheet on the ground to prevent soil moisture from getting into the flooring and joists.

The roof looking south will not "see" much sun in the early morning and late evening as the sun is in the NE or NW and at low angles.  So, you do not need to do too much tree removal, although if you get an ice storm and a tree feel....
Gene - Author of articles in Sawmill & Woodlot and books: Drying Hardwood Lumber; VA Tech Solar Kiln; Sawing Edging & Trimming Hardwood Lumber. And more

50 Acre Jim

Today I got the insulation installed, put two layers of 30 lb felt over that, and then a nice floor made out of ¾" plywood.  

I had some Chicken wire so, in accordance with Gene's suggestion, I stapled it between the girders to hold up the insulation and keep out the larger rodents.  Ran out of wire on the last span so I'll have to revisit that sometime in the future.

It was hot today, but I made good headway just the same.  Tomorrow I hope to start on the walls.  It'll be a long day as the studs are over at the sawmill and I'll have to tote them over to the job site. 



 

 

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

HM126

Crusarius

That is a really nice looking YJ.

Kiln is looking good. I have feeling a kiln may be on my short list after I start cutting.

50 Acre Jim

Thank you Btulloh and Crusarius.  

I had cut a lot of 2x6x12 lumber back in December, and changing the height of the kiln from 8' to 6' will allow me to get 2 - 6' studs out of each board.    Better use of the lumber and in retrospect, the heat will probably be a little more concentrated in the smaller drying area.

Dogs gave their approval.

This is probably it for the day.  It's mega hot out there and that 28' log is about to become the main beam that spans the front 18' opening.  My saw is set up to cut a max length of 16' so there will be a bit of juggling involved.





 

 

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

Got the beams cut, took forever and what an experiance.   Justification to lenghen the deck. Anyhow, got one of them up but it's not yet secure.  Have to slide it to the rear and then put the second one in place.  

I hit a tree with the beam in route to the kiln site.  Ended up dropping it on the ground and getting my beautiful beam all nasty and dirty.  Broke my heart, it was such a pretty beam.  But it's supposed to rain tonight so hopefully it'll get cleaned up in the process.



 

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

Can someone tell me, is there such a thing as to much airflow through the stack? 
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

HM126

YellowHammer

It depends on the species, and the maximum allowable moisture removal rate.  Oak, hickories, etc require a lower airflow, maybe 150 to 200 fpm is good, or they will crack, whereas pine, poplar and similar need much higher airflows, maybe as high as 600 fpm to prevent sticker stain.  It's not as complicated as it sounds, depending, basically all you want in a solar kiln is a light breeze for most wood.  Solar kilns should be short loaded for sticker stain prone wood anyway, as the collector is generally sized more for oaks.   If the fans are too strong, turn one off, or reduce the baffling.  Of course, it also depends on how much air is being vented. 


YellowHammerisms:

Take steps to save steps.

If it won't roll, its not a log; it's still a tree.  Sawmills cut logs, not trees.

Kiln drying wood: When the cookies are burned, they're burned, and you can't fix them.

Sawing is fun for the first couple million boards.

Be smarter than the sawdust

btulloh

I was hoping YH would check in on that question.  Somewhere I have (or had) something about that in a publication, but I can't seem to locate it.  Dr. Gene and YH actually provided more info for me anyway.  One thing I found with my kiln is it was hard to get too much air flow with the fans I used.  The trick has been to get enough holes plugged up around the stack to maximize the air flow.

What kind of fans are you planning to use?
HM126

50 Acre Jim

Quote
What kind of fans are you planning to use?
These fans should move about 2,000 cubic feet per minute with the proper solar panels.   I was going to use 2 of them but I wasn't sure if they would generate enough air movement when positioned at the top of the heating chamber.  

So I considered putting them right behind the stack, but that would move a LOT of air in a short amount of time, and I was concerned it might cause problems.

To further complicate things, my design allows for all, or part, of the kiln to be used at any one time.  So if my fans are mounted permanently I will have to have a creative method of directing the air into the proper area(s).  That's not all that difficult, but I'm afraid I will lose a lot of efficiency if I create a ductwork system.  

I thought about buying/mounting 2 more fans (total of 4) and then selectively turn them on/off as necessary.  But that means another $550 in fans, and I was hoping not to do that.  :-)   It might be the best approach in the long run.  


Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: YellowHammer on May 15, 2018, 07:33:26 AM
It depends on the species, and the maximum allowable moisture removal rate.  Oak, hickories, etc require a lower airflow, maybe 150 to 200 fpm is good, or they will crack, whereas pine, poplar and similar need much higher airflows, maybe as high as 600 fpm to prevent sticker stain.  It's not as complicated as it sounds, depending, basically all you want in a solar kiln is a light breeze for most wood.  Solar kilns should be short loaded for sticker stain prone wood anyway, as the collector is generally sized more for oaks.   If the fans are too strong, turn one off, or reduce the baffling.  Of course, it also depends on how much air is being vented.
Good to know, thank you YellowHammer!    If I only need 150 - 200 FPM, I should be fine with mounting these up in the heating chamber and get plenty of air flow.
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

It started to rain on Wednesday and didn't stop until this morning.  Pretty much ended any construction on the kiln.  Just before the deluge started, I managed to wrap one of the walls with 30 lb felt, cut a bunch of lap siding, and install it on the left wall.    Also took some time to move all the (already cut) lumber over to the build site so it'll be there when I get started again.

A couple of hours into the start of this build I was asking myself WHY am I using such large lumber?  Back in November and December, I was cutting true 2x6x12 lumber, and it was all quite exciting.  I was finally using my sawmill for something constructive, and I was beaming with pride when I brought people over to see my pile of lumber.   Everyone was impressed.   Good Job Jim, such massive boards!  Can't buy stuff like that at Lowe's, that's for sure!

But when it came time to build walls and stand them up, well it stopped being fun really quick.  I went back and read through the posts and I see where I mentioned using true 2x6 boards for construction.  What I don't see is where anyone (especially you seasoned sawyers) tried to save me from this exercise in poor judgment and mention how *DanG heavy these buggers would be.   :D  Especially when they are wet.   :o

Thank goodness for Mr. Kubota, without whom I would be in quite the pickle....  But every job is a learning experience, and I won't make the "true 2x6" mistake again.  

Nothing happening tomorrow as I'm picking up a jointer, dust/chip extraction system and some other woodworking tools from a cabinet maker that retired.  Also got a bite on my boat so I need to pull it out of the barn, clean it up and get it ready to show.   Need the extra room in the barn FAR more than I need a boat.  

Cheers!  




 

Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

YellowHammer

Oh yeah, forgot to mention, using green true 2x6x12's will be a little heavy.  
:D :D

Also, don't nail roofing to green rafters, as they dry and move, they will rip holes in the roofing.   

YellowHammerisms:

Take steps to save steps.

If it won't roll, its not a log; it's still a tree.  Sawmills cut logs, not trees.

Kiln drying wood: When the cookies are burned, they're burned, and you can't fix them.

Sawing is fun for the first couple million boards.

Be smarter than the sawdust

btulloh

Jim, I think we were in that same weather pattern here.  6 or 7 inches of rain.  It really shut down the outdoor work, but I got some work done in the shop for a change.

When people start admiring that "real, actual, full-size, manly lumber" thing it always cracks me up.  It's a trap that's easy to fall into though, but hopefully only once.  It also means you need a framing gun that will shoot 4" nails, which I've never seen.  I do like to saw rafters in odd sizes sometimes to fit a certain situation. 

Looking forward to watching your progress now the rain has gone.  
HM126

btulloh

Are you doin' OK down there, Jim?  You guys have had more than your share of water.  Looks like the pattern is going to change next week.  8)  
I hope you are well and your kiln site hasn't washed away.

BT
HM126

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: btulloh on May 31, 2018, 11:10:39 AM
Are you doin' OK down there, Jim?  You guys have had more than your share of water.  
Still here, but we sure have gotten a lot of rain!   Something like 16" in the last couple of weeks.  Haven't done anything outside but I've spent some good quality time working on my shop down at the barn.

A couple of weeks ago I bought a jointer, shaper, power feeder, and a monster dust/chip extracting system with all the duct work included.  Can't go outside much so I've been wiring the area of the barn where it's all going to go and setting up work benches, etc.    Kind of exciting but man, what a bunch of work.  

And all this while trying to do the other day-to-day stuff that comes along.  Nobody can say I'm not keeping myself busy!  

Thanks for checking on me!  
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

I know you've had a lot of rain down there, Jim.  Are you keeping your head above water?
HM126

50 Acre Jim

Had a quick remodel to do so I had to move my tools away from the solar kiln build.  The remodel took longer than expected, so the SK build fell behind.  

Then it started to rain, and rain, and rain.   We sacrificed a chicken to the rain Gods, asked them to please make it stop.  It didn't work, in fact, I think it rained harder.  :(

I have a couple of rentals that are coming up empty in a week, so I'll have to deal with getting those ready for new renters.   When all this ends I hope to get back on the solar kiln.   It'll probably be fall by the time I get it operational.
 
Thanks for checking on me. 
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

50 Acre Jim

I've been gone for a while but there's a good reason.    Funny how this happened but while working on the solar kiln I needed some tools that were back in the barn.  It was threatening to rain so I threw a tarp over the generator and headed on over to the barn. 

Turned out the tool I needed was way in the back and buried behind a mountain of stuff that hasn't been moved in literally years.  So, I got busy moving stuff, including my 28' bowrider boat.  My wife asked me WHY I insist in keeping this thing as it hasn't even been to the lake in the last few years.  And she was right.  It was a major pain in the rear.  Every year I pull it out, clean it, get it ready for the water, but then after it sits in the field for a month, I end up putting it back in the barn. 

Next year, repeat.  Etc., etc...  

So I pulled out my cleaning stuff and washed, waxed and detailed the boat.  It takes some time as this is a large boat but when it was finished it looked really good.  I ran an ad and went through the whole process of selling a boat whose market is in Florida while I'm living in North Carolina.

But it sold and about that same time, a friend told me about a Jeep that was for sale (in Florida) and as I had been looking for a good Jeep, I hopped a plane and flew down to look at it.  It was beautiful!  So, I bought it and drove the 11 hours from Ontario Fl to Franklin, NC.  

Next day, I went to Tractor Supply for a winch and got it installed.   Next came a lift, wheels and tires, ham radio, decals, etc., etc.  And of course, we started hanging out with the local Jeep club and going on outings.  As I'm getting better with the 4-wheel drive hobby, I learned about Moab Utah, where the wheeling is outstanding.  Beauty abounding and a wonderful place to visit and play with the Jeep.

But my wife said no way would she be away from her dogs for that long and booking a series of motels with 2 German Shepherds is not something that I wanted to try and schedule.  So I started looking for a motor home. 

And I found one in, yes you guessed it, Ontario Florida.  😊

We drove to Ontario, purchased the motorhome and over the next few days we drove it home.  Mind you, I had never even driven a motorhome until that day, so the trip was indeed interesting.  But we made it, and all was good.

About that same time, a realtor in Alabama called and made me an offer on a piece of vacant land that I've owned for about 35 years.  It was one of the worst land investments I've ever made, so when he offered me a few dollars more than I had paid for it, I jumped. 

Glad to see it gone!  

And as my motorhome needed new furniture, carpet, and other stuff, the land sale money came in quite handy.  So, over the last month I took the motorhome apart and then reassembled it with all the new stuff that my land money would allow.

As luck would have it, the power went out while I was working on the motorhome and I needed my portable generator.  The generator was over at the solar kiln and when I got there, I remembered...  Oh yeah, that's right.  I went over to the barn for some tools...

So, yes, I'm back.  Just got sidetracked a bit. 
 
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

tacks Y

Jim nice story, what year is the jeep? 94? We went to Moab a couple years ago jeeping. Will go back well worth the trip, been there hiking and camping to.

thecfarm

I had a friend help me put up some full size hemlock 2x8x12,hot off the sawmill. I did not see him for a month after that. :D  Than when he did come back we put up the rest of them,but they have been drying for a month. He's my friend again. :D Much lighter. He was surprised and happy.
Model 6020-20hp Manual Thomas bandsaw,TC40A 4wd 40 hp New Holland tractor, 450 Norse Winch, Heatmor 400 OWB,YCC 1978-79

Crusarius

I miss moab. spent alot of time there when I lived in AZ. great place to wheel.

50 Acre Jim

Quote
I had a friend help me put up some full size hemlock 2x8x12,hot off the sawmill. I did not see him for a month after that. :D  Than when he did come back we put up the rest of them,but they have been drying for a month. He's my friend again. :D Much lighter. He was surprised and happy.
At least yours came back!   Mine generally slip out and I never see them again.  lol


Quote
Jim nice story, what year is the jeep? 94? We went to Moab a couple years ago jeeping. Will go back well worth the trip, been there hiking and camping to.
Hi Tacks Y.   This one's a 2016 Rubicon Hard Rock edition.  I've installed a MetalCloak Gamechanger lift, swapped the 4:10 gears with 4:88, added 35's (soon to be 37's) and some other miscellaneous stuff.  I still need armor underneath, air compressor, etc.  


Quote
I miss moab. spent alot of time there when I lived in AZ. great place to wheel.
Is there a book or trail guide that you could refer me to?  I've heard several people mention different books but I've not gotten serious about getting one yet.    BTW, nice Jeep in your avatar!   That bad boy looks like it could handle just about anything!  






Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

btulloh

Good to see you back Jim. I'm glad to know it was fun and games interrupting your progress. Maybe you'll get some good weather to work with.
HM126

Crusarius

That is a sweet looking jeep. 

Best thing to do for Moab trails is hook up with a group of ppl and go wheel with them. The book may tell you about the trails but some of them are quite tricky to get to. It has been a very long time since I have been there. The trails have changed so much I probably couldn't even find half of them anymore. 

Whats tough is that some trails are on private land or you have to cross private land to get to the public trail on the other side. The landowners have become greedy and charge everyone to cross their property. I am not completely opposed to that but at $12 per person it gets pricey. Keep in mind this was probably 10 years ago now.

tacks Y

That 2016 looks nice, I am towing a 2005 with the rv. We were on the Rubicon trail a few years back, also worth a visit. Now back to your kiln, I am looking for more ideas.

barbender

Jim, that totally sounds like the kind of sidetrack story I could get into. It's why I never get anything done!😂
Too many irons in the fire

50 Acre Jim

It does appear I tend to get sidetracked.  :D  It's been 3 years, almost to the day, since I've posted on the forum.  And a lot has happened in those 3 years.

Covid killed the Moab trip but we still played locally with our motor home.  Ended up selling it and buying a 40' Tiffin Phaeton (motor home) and traveled back and forth through Florida to visit with our kids and grandkids.

We enjoyed the lifestyle and the people we met.  And in the process, decided to use 8 acres of our lower 50 acres to build a small RV Park.  Which we did.  We designed and built our RV Park to eliminate the shortcomings we found in many of the parks we visited, and to adapt ideas we found in parks that we enjoyed.  

So, at the end of 2021, we had a small RV Park of 8 sites.  Each site has water, power, sewer hookups, and a large parking area.  We also put a private gazebo with countertop, sink, running water, refrigerator, and ceiling fan with light at each site.

We did most of the work ourselves.  The building department insisted we hire a commercial contractor for the septic and electric, but we used our own equipment to dig the trenches for the sewer pipes, power, and water lines.  And with the exception of the smaller dimension lumber, our sawmill cut a big majority of the lumber we used to build the gazebos.

And we turned the unfinished solar kiln into an office/laundry room.  Lol, talk about repurposing.

April 1st will begin our second year of operation, and I have hired a campsite host to keep an eye on most of it.  And soon, I hope to be able to clean up the barn and get back to the woodworking plan that got this whole thing started.

In the meantime, here are a couple pictures of the park and the gazebos we built.

























Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

scsmith42

That looks outstanding!  What's the name of the facility?  I'd like to refer some relative to you.

Scott
Peterson 10" WPF with 65' of track
Smith - Gallagher dedicated slabber
Tom's 3638D Baker band mill
and a mix of log handling heavy equipment.

50 Acre Jim

Quote from: scsmith42 on March 27, 2022, 06:19:09 PM
That looks outstanding!  What's the name of the facility?  I'd like to refer some relative to you.

Scott
Thank you, Scott!  I think I better get permission from Admin first as I don't want to violate any rules against advertising.  :-)

On a side note, I cut wood for hours every day.  Hauled logs up to the mill with my trackhoe, milled it, stacked it, hauled it down to the sites where we were building, and then did it all over again.  I did this for months.  I cut 6x6's, 4x4's, 4X6's,  2x8's, lap siding for the office, and all the 1" siding that we used around the refrigerators.  

Lord, I was a maniac on the mill.  It was fun, but it was a lot of work.  Put some miles on this old body.  
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

Andries

"Distracted"?
I think not. You've been darned focused, I'd say!
Well done, that looks really nice.
LT40G25
Ford 545D loader
Stihl chainsaws

barbender

That's an incredible venture, congratulations! 
Too many irons in the fire

Crusarius


50 Acre Jim

Thanks Guys, I appreciate that!

Here is a link to the site, for those who might be interested in other pictures.
Go to work?  Probably Knott.  Because I cant.

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