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#1
Typical lateral support is at the bottom by a slab and the top by a floor. Here there is an unsupported top edge that the wall is sitting on top of. Good for water, bad for stability. 


Probably start here with concrete stem walls to get some context;
R404.1.3.2.2 Concrete foundation stem walls supporting light-frame above-grade walls.
Concrete foundation stem walls that support light-frame above-grade walls shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this section.
  • 1.Stem walls not laterally supported at top. Concrete stem walls that are not monolithic with slabs-on-ground or are not otherwise laterally supported by slabs-on-ground and retain 48 inches (1219 mm) or less of unbalanced fill, measured from the top of the wall, shall be constructed in accordance with Section R404.1.3. Foundation stem walls that retain more than 48 inches (1219 mm) of unbalanced fill, measured from the top of the wall, shall be designed in accordance with Sections R404.1.1 and R404.4.
  • 2.Stem walls laterally supported at top. Concrete stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-on-ground or are otherwise laterally supported by slabs-on-ground shall be constructed in accordance with Section R404.1.3. Where the unbalanced backfill retained by the stem wall is greater than 48 inches (1219 mm), the connection between the stem wall and the slab-on-ground, and the portion of the slab-on-ground providing lateral support for the wall, shall be designed in accordance with PCA 100 or in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
Then masonry stem walls;[/list]
R404.1.4.1 Masonry foundation walls.
In buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category D0, Dor D2, as established in Table R301.2, masonry foundation walls shall comply with this section. In addition to the requirements of Table R404.1.1(1), plain masonry foundation walls shall comply with the following:
  • 1.Wall height shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).
  • 2.Unbalanced backfill height shall not exceed 4 feet (1219 mm).
  • 3.Minimum nominal thickness for plain masonry foundation walls shall be 8 inches (203 mm).
  • 4.Masonry stem walls shall have a minimum vertical reinforcement of one No. 4 (No. 13) bar located not greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center in grouted cells. Vertical reinforcement shall be tied to the horizontal reinforcement in the footings.

Foundation walls, supporting more than 4 feet (1219 mm) of unbalanced backfill or exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in height shall be constructed in accordance with Table R404.1.1(2), R404.1.1(3) or R404.1.1(4). Masonry foundation walls shall have two No. 4 (No. 13) horizontal bars located in the upper 12 inches (305 mm) of the wall.
#2
Sawmills and Milling / Re: Did something dumb today.
Last post by RetiredTech - Today at 09:29:53 PM
  If it ain't broke don't fix it. Besides if you do fix it it will just aggravate you more when it inevitably gets air in it again. Probably the best fix would be to remove the filter, paint it any color you like and reinstall it. That's the Old South fix. :usa:
#3
Sawmills and Milling / Re: Salvage walnut
Last post by WV Sawmiller - Today at 09:12:16 PM
Larry,

  I had to go get a bibb when I saw those crooks in that log! When I see a serious crook in a log I immediately think benches. The more severe the crook the prettier the benches. Put 2-3 together and make a circle around a fire pit or put them around a big shade tree facing outward. I've made them with so much bend I had to put a 5th leg in the center on the back side to compensate for the out of balance weight.

  I hope you still have some curved pieces left.

#4
Out of curiosity, how is a block wall typically laterally supported? 
#5
General Board / Re: Making it through another ...
Last post by WV Sawmiller - Today at 09:00:42 PM
Doc,

   I'm not having any problem pasting the picture to the gallery. My problem was when I tried to paint the URL in the gallery then click copy function then paste in the open thread on another open session of FF, it would not paste. I'm thinking it was not in the clipboard. May be a hardware problem on this laptop with the copy and paste - but it seems to work everywhere else I try it. 
#6
The Outdoor Board / Re: DAM BEAR!
Last post by Jeff - Today at 08:41:21 PM
Here is a highlight compilation from that computer from the last month or so

#7
The Outdoor Board / Re: BIRDS
Last post by Chuck White - Today at 08:27:00 PM
I have several varieties of birds feeding at my Grape Jelly, Oriole feeder!

I have the Orioles, Catbirds, Rosebreasted Grossbeaks, Hummingbirds, and probably some that I haven't seen yet!
#8
Chainsaws / Re: Two stroke oil ratio's- Sa...
Last post by doc henderson - Today at 08:15:38 PM
I use the silver Stihl ultra, but to make 2.5 gallons at a time. :thumbsup:
#9
Sawmills and Milling / Re: Salvage walnut
Last post by thecfarm - Today at 08:06:27 PM
Larry, the guy that can cut down a crookened tree and make straight logs!!!
#10
Forestry and Logging / Re: Dirt bike logging?
Last post by thecfarm - Today at 08:01:19 PM
WOW is right.
If you don't know how to tie a knot, tie a lot!!!  :wacky: 
That's a hard days work!!!!!
You don't want a slacker in that bunch!!!!

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